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''Dagome iudex'' is one of the earliest historical documents relating to Poland. Poland is not mentioned by name, but reference is made to ''Dagome'' and ''Ote'' (Mieszko I and his wife, Oda von Haldensleben) and their sons in 991, placing their land (called "Schinesghe") under the protection of the Apostolic See. The document's name derives from its opening words. ==Nature and import of the ''Dagome iudex''== The ''Dagome iudex'' survives only in the form of a summary, completed c. 1080. It was found in a register compiled by a curial cardinal during the papacy of Gregory VII. Most historians believe that the word ''"Dagome"'' is a melding of two names: the Christian ''"Dago,"'' for "Dagobert" (Mieszko's hypothetical baptismal name), and the Slavic ''"Me,"'' for "Mieszko." The Latin word ''"iudex"'' ("judge") would be used in the meaning of "prince." Another interpretation is that ''"Dagome iudex"'' is a corruption of ''"Ego Mesco dux"'' ("I, Prince Mieszko"). In the Vatican copy the e of Dagome might have an ''s adscriptum'' (similar to cedilla), though just the Vatican copyist read ''iudex'' literally, relating it to Sardinia and its four "judges". Place names are misspelled by the person who made the summary. He was also apparently unaware that the document related to territory later called Poland. The boundaries of the "Gniezno" state are described as extending to the "Long Sea" (the Baltic), Prussia, Rus', Kraków, Moravia and the Oder River. Lesser Poland is taken account by the mention of its capital, Kraków ("craccoa"). Between ''alemura'', probably Olomouc, and Upper Lusatia region of the Milceni (''terra mileze'') 〔When Lusatia came in sight of medieval writers, the Lusici lived only in Lower Lusatia, the Milceni in Upper Lusatia. Later on, the term ''Lusatia'' (Lausitz, Lužice) was spread to the south. Therefore, nowaday's term Lusatian Mountains does not totally fit with the history of settlemens.〕 the border could include Silesia if it was straight. The text seems to use ''ciuitas schinesghe'' as a synonyme of Greater Poland. Otherwise, the description of the boundaries would be rather more logical, if ''schenisghe'' meant the city of Szczecin. Of other regions and places in Mieszko's territory, it mentions only Kraków and Lusatia, both without ''fines'' (border). Regions outside Mieszko's rule, ''pruzze'' (Prussia) and ''russe'' (Russia), are mentioned with the word ''fines''. The ''Dagome iudex'' is of capital importance for Polish history in giving a general description of the future Polish state in that period. It, however, leaves unanswered many questions. First, it does not explain ''why'' Mieszko I placed his state under the protection of the Pope. Also, it is unclear why the document does not mention Mieszko's eldest son, Bolesław I the Brave. Mentioned instead are his sons by his second wife, Oda. No mention is made of the third son from that marriage, Świętopełk, either." Finally, Mieszko I is not referred to as "''Dagome''" in any other document. Historians suppose that Bolesław's absence from the document might be explained by an old Slavic custom whereby children received their inheritance as soon as they reached the age of majority. Thus Bolesław the Brave might have received Kraków as his part of his father's legacy before the ''Dagome iudex'' had been written. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dagome iudex」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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